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Easily confused Buddhist representations are images or statues that may resemble the mortal, historical Buddha known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Śākyamuni, or Tathāgata (or others), but were actually created to represent other individuals. Depictions could be Gautama, or a bodhisattva, guardian, protector, disciple, or saint. Clues to a figure's identity are found in, for example, the physical characteristics of the Buddha, the objects the figure is holding, its ''mudra'' (hand gesture), and ''asana'' (sitting or standing position of the body).〔Sjoquist〕 There may be an image in the figure's crown,〔Sakya, p. 34.〕 or the figure could be holding a book, thunderbolt, vase, jewel, or lotus flower or stem.〔Sakya, various.〕 Mandalas created for Japanese Shingon Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism can contain hundreds of different figures that may need interpretation.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/online/mandala/ )〕 In his paper on the ''mudrās'' of bodhisattvas, Carl B. Becker, Kyoto University professor, describes the situation: ==Dhyani Buddhas== (詳細はfive Dhyani Buddhas, who are abstract aspects of Buddhahood rather than Buddhas or gods, have elaborate differences.〔Sakya, pp. 35, 76.〕 Each must face in a different direction (north, south, east, west, or center), and, when painted, each is a different color (blue, yellow, red, green, or white). Each has a different ''mudrā'' and symbol; embodies a different aspect, type of evil, and cosmic element; has a different consort and spiritual son, as well as different animal vehicles (elephant, lion, peacock, harpys or garuda, or dragon).〔Sakya, p. 76.〕 Vairocana, the first Dhyani Buddha, embodying sovereignty and occupying the center,〔 is a special case (in any case, he is distinct from Gautama and not normally confused with him). He was one of the Buddhas of Bamiyan blown up by the Taliban which China mourned and tried to replace with the world's tallest statue, named Spring Temple Buddha. Japanese Pure Land Buddhists think that Vairocana and the other Dhyani Buddhas are manifestations of Amitābha, but Japanese Shingon Buddhists think that Amitābha and the other Dhyani Buddhas are manifestations of Vairocana. Akshobhya, the second Dhyani Buddha who embodies steadfastness and faces east, and Gautama are indistinguishable. Both can be seated in the ''Vajraparyanka'' (also known as ''Bhūmisparśa'') pose, with the right hand on the right knee, palm turned inwardly, and middle finger touching the ground.〔〔"The ''Lotus Sutra'' focus on Śākyamuni also fits the main Buddha figure in Zen, rather than the Buddhas Amida or Vairocana venerated in the contemporary Pure Land and Esoteric (and Kegon) movements." in 〕〔"One of the two wives of Songtsen Gampo, she brought a large image of either Shakyamuni or Akshobhya Buddha (they are visually indistinguishable)..." in 〕 Amitābha (Japanese: Amida) is the most ancient Dhyani Buddha, embodying light and facing west, and is the central figure in Pure Land Buddhism. A statue of Amitābha, when seated, has a ''samadhi'' ''mudrā'' with both palms face up, on top of each other, in his lap.〔〔Sakya, p. 30.〕〔Similarities with Amitabha in (【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thedhamma.com/whos_who.htm )〕 File:5buddha0.jpg|Five Dhyani Buddhas, unknown provenance File:Spring_Temple_Buddha_picturing_Vairocana,_in_Lushan_County,_Henan,_China.png|Spring Temple Buddha picturing Vairocana, in Lushan County, Henan, China, is the world's tallest statue. File:Gilt bronze Aksobhya Buddha from Tibet, 19th century, Honolulu Academy of Arts.JPG|Aksobhya, Tibet, 19th century, Honolulu Museum of Art Image:Kamakura-buddha-2.jpg|The Great Statue of Buddha Amitabha in Kamakura, Japan 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Easily confused Buddhist representations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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